{ "schema": "honeytree-family-tree/1", "title": "A Living Pedigree", "version": "1.0", "last_updated": "2026-10-25", "last_updated_label": "October 25, 2026", "counts": { "hand": 33, "y2027": 10, "anc": 12, "dna": 50, "rec": 2, "same": 0, "links": 52, "varieties": 54 }, "note": "Our own trees have not been DNA-tested. Every link is tied to a published study or primary record, cited on the card.", "edge_kinds": { "dna": { "label": "DNA-confirmed parent", "dna": true }, "date": { "label": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "dna": true }, "rel": { "label": "DNA close relatives; direction unknown", "dna": true }, "inf": { "label": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "dna": true }, "rec": { "label": "Written record", "dna": false }, "published_direction": { "label": "DNA-confirmed pair; direction from one genetic test (Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022)", "dna": true }, "potential": { "label": "Reported potential parent (a DNA similarity result, not a full parentage test)", "dna": false } }, "varieties": { "ft-reinette-franche": { "name": "Reinette Franche", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. Shown because the studies below link it to many of our varieties.", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Calville Blanc", "ft-calville-blanc" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Calville Blanc d’Hiver as the child of Calville Rouge × Reinette Franche.", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "D'Arcy Spice", "ft-d-arcy-spice" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1785 for D’Arcy Spice).", "n": [ 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Patte de Loup", "ft-patte-de-loup" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1700 for Patte de Loup).", "n": [ 3 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Wyken Pippin", "ft-wyken-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against “early 1700s” for Wyken Pippin).", "n": [ 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Golden Harvey", "ft-golden-harvey" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Reinette Franche and Golden Harvey to be parent and child. The 2021 table lists Reinette Franche as the parent (one parent only, first reported in that study) but does not say how the direction was set; it is not shown as a DNA result. A second DNA study lists them as first-degree relatives (accession “Golden_Harvey” with “Reinette_Franche”).", "n": [ 5, 6 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Nonpareil", "ft-nonpareil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; direction from one genetic test (Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022)", "why": "DNA showed Reinette Franche and Nonpareil are a parent–child pair; the 2020 study could not say which is the parent and marked the date check “dubious”. A 2024 DNA table also lists the pair. Which one is the parent comes from one genetic test (Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022: “The POR-2 test confirmed ‘Reinette Franche’ as a parent of ‘Nonpareil’”). Other tables list the pair but do not test the direction independently.", "n": [ 7, 8, 9 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Esopus Spitzenburg", "ft-esopus-spitzenburg" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1790 for Esopus Spitzenburg).", "n": [ 10, 11 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Reinette de Hollande", "ft-reinette-de-hollande" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Reinette de Hollande as the child of Reinette des Carmes × Reinette Franche.", "n": [ 12, 13 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 56", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 50", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 52", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 350", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, line 190", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "HVL22", "text": "Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022, Horticulture Research 9:uhab069", "where": "Abstract; Results, “‘Reinette Franche’ & ‘Nonpareil’”; Table S2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhab069", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8881379/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 306", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 489", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 59", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 114 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 244", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 27 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Table S3, row 162) report Reinette Franche as a parent of Calville Blanc d'Hiver; Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 350) report it as the parent of Golden Harvey.", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 350", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 56", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 50", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 52", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 59", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 114", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 99", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 244", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-calville-blanc": { "name": "Calville Blanc", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Listed in the study as Calville Blanc d’Hiver. Other parent: Calville Rouge [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Calville Blanc d’Hiver as the child of Calville Rouge × Reinette Franche.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Suppl. Table S3, row 162) give Calville Blanc d'Hiver as the offspring of Calville Rouge × Reinette Franche, with no parents in the earlier literature column.", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-d-arcy-spice": { "name": "D'Arcy Spice", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "darcy-spice", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1785 for D’Arcy Spice).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 56", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 57) records that it was found in the garden of The Hall, Tolleshunt D'Arcy, near Colchester, was known as D'Arcy Spice or Spice Apple until 1848, when John Harris, a nurseryman at Broomfield near Chelmsford, propagated it as Baddow Pippin.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 57", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 56", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/darcy-spice-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/darcy-spice-480.webp", "alt": "D'Arcy Spice: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Edith E. Bull, Herefordshire Pomona, 1876–85", "licence": "public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://archive.org/details/herefordshirepo00bull/page/n393/mode/1up" }, "page": "/living-museum/darcy-spice/" } }, "ft-patte-de-loup": { "name": "Patte de Loup", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "patte-de-loup", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1700 for Patte de Loup).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 50", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Suppl. Table S5, row 50) found Patte de Loup and Reinette Franche to be a parent–offspring pair; Reinette Franche was named the parent from documented dates, not from the DNA.", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 50", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/patte-de-loup-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/patte-de-loup-480.webp", "alt": "Patte de Loup: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Marianne Casamance, 2015, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomme_patte_de_loup.JPG" }, "page": "/living-museum/patte-de-loup/" } }, "ft-wyken-pippin": { "name": "Wyken Pippin", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "wyken-pippin", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against “early 1700s” for Wyken Pippin).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 52", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 251) states that, according to Lindley, the original tree at Wyken, about two miles from Coventry, was still in existence in 1827, then very old.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 251", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Hogg, R. 1851. British Pomology; or, The History, Description, Classification, and Synonymes of the Fruits and Fruit Trees of Great Britain. Vol. I, The Apple. London: Groombridge — pp. 211–212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/britishpomologyo00hogg" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 52", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/wyken-pippin-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/wyken-pippin-480.webp", "alt": "Wyken Pippin: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Alice B. Ellis and Edith E. Bull, Herefordshire Pomona, 1876–85", "licence": "public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://archive.org/details/herefordshirepo00bulla/page/n197/mode/1up" }, "page": "/living-museum/wyken-pippin/" } }, "ft-golden-harvey": { "name": "Golden Harvey", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "golden-harvey", "note": "DNA paired it with Reinette Franche; the study lists one parent only and does not say how the direction was set [1]. Another DNA study also found the two to be first-degree relatives [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Reinette Franche and Golden Harvey to be parent and child. The 2021 table lists Reinette Franche as the parent (one parent only, first reported in that study) but does not say how the direction was set; it is not shown as a DNA result. A second DNA study lists them as first-degree relatives (accession “Golden_Harvey” with “Reinette_Franche”).", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Pitmaston Pineapple", "ft-pitmaston-pineapple" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Golden Harvey and Pitmaston Pineapple to be parent and child. The 2021 table lists Golden Harvey as the parent (one parent only, first reported in that study) but does not say how the direction was set; it is not shown as a DNA result. A second DNA study lists them as first-degree relatives (accessions “Pitmaston_Pineapple_X_692” and “Golden_Harvey”).", "n": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 350", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, line 190", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 269", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 5 and 190", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, pp. 88–89) describes it (synonyms Brandy Apple, Round Russet Harvey) and says that from the great strength of its juice, specific gravity 1085, it has been called the Brandy Apple. Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 350) list Reinette Franche as its parent.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — pp. 88–89", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 350", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/golden-harvey-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/golden-harvey-480.webp", "alt": "Golden Harvey: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Alice B. Ellis, Herefordshire Pomona, 1876–85", "licence": "public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://archive.org/details/herefordshirepo00bull/page/n337/mode/1up" }, "page": "/living-museum/golden-harvey/" } }, "ft-pitmaston-pineapple": { "name": "Pitmaston Pineapple", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "pitmaston-pineapple", "note": "DNA paired it with Golden Harvey; the study lists one parent only and does not say how the direction was set [1]. Another DNA study also found the two to be first-degree relatives [2]. The UK National Fruit Collection records Golden Pippin × unknown [3]; DNA instead pairs it with Golden Harvey. Golden Pippin was genotyped in the same 2020 study and was not reported as a parent [4].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Golden Harvey", "ft-golden-harvey" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Golden Harvey and Pitmaston Pineapple to be parent and child. The 2021 table lists Golden Harvey as the parent (one parent only, first reported in that study) but does not say how the direction was set; it is not shown as a DNA result. A second DNA study lists them as first-degree relatives (accessions “Pitmaston_Pineapple_X_692” and “Golden_Harvey”).", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 269", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 5 and 190", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "NFCP", "text": "UK National Fruit Collection, Pitmaston Pineapple record", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=4683&fruit=apple", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 1, rows 536 (Golden Pippin) and 974 (Pitmaston Pine Apple)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 177) states of the Pitmaston Pine Apple: \"This was raised by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston, near Worcester.\" Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 269) list Golden Harvey as a parent.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 269", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/pitmaston-pineapple-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/pitmaston-pineapple-480.webp", "alt": "Pitmaston Pineapple: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Alice B. Ellis and Edith E. Bull, Herefordshire Pomona, 1876–85", "licence": "public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://archive.org/details/herefordshirepo00bulla/page/n325/mode/1up" }, "page": "/living-museum/pitmaston-pineapple/" } }, "ft-nonpareil": { "name": "Nonpareil", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. This is the genebank variety the DNA studies call “Nonpareil”. A 2023 DNA study also identified it as a parent of Rosemary Russet (not shown) [7]. Downing’s Fruits and Fruit-Trees of America (1872, p. 288) lists “Old Nonpareil” among its historic synonyms and calls it “An old English variety” [8]. Our Old Nonpareil trees, coming in 2027, have not been confirmed as a match for the genebank tree, so they are not linked here.", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; direction from one genetic test (Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022)", "why": "DNA showed Reinette Franche and Nonpareil are a parent–child pair; the 2020 study could not say which is the parent and marked the date check “dubious”. A 2024 DNA table also lists the pair. Which one is the parent comes from one genetic test (Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022: “The POR-2 test confirmed ‘Reinette Franche’ as a parent of ‘Nonpareil’”). Other tables list the pair but do not test the direction independently.", "n": [ 1, 2, 3 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Sturmer Pippin", "ft-sturmer-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Nonpareil as the parent because older records give Sturmer Pippin’s parents as Ribston Pippin × Nonpareil.", "n": [ 4, 5 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Scarlet Nonpareil", "ft-scarlet-nonpareil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Scarlet Nonpareil as the child of Nonpareil × Reinette de Hollande.", "n": [ 6 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "HVL22", "text": "Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022, Horticulture Research 9:uhab069", "where": "Abstract; Results, “‘Reinette Franche’ & ‘Nonpareil’”; Table S2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhab069", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8881379/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 306", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 489", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 39", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 384 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 360", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3; Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "DOWN", "text": "Downing & Downing 1872, The Fruits and Fruit-Trees of America", "where": "p. 288, “Nonpareil”, synonyms", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitsfruittre00down/page/n311/mode/1up", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 158) lists Old Nonpareil and English Nonpareil among its synonyms and writes: \"It is generally allowed that the Nonpareil is originally from France.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 158", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 99", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 306", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-sturmer-pippin": { "name": "Sturmer Pippin", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Older records cited by the study give Ribston Pippin × Nonpareil. The DNA confirmed Nonpareil as a parent; no second parent was reported [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Nonpareil", "ft-nonpareil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Nonpareil as the parent because older records give Sturmer Pippin’s parents as Ribston Pippin × Nonpareil.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 39", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 384 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3, “Comparison of historical pedigree records to SNP data”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "S1 Table, ploidy: Sturmer Pippin 2x, Ribston Pippin 3x", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Ribston Pippin is a parent of Sturmer Pippin.", "why": "Ribston Pippin is a triploid (three sets of chromosomes) and Sturmer a diploid; a 2023 study found that recorded triploid parents of diploids were false in 18 of 19 cases. Sturmer’s own case was not reported in the sources we hold, and the DNA confirmed only Nonpareil as a parent.", "label": "Popular claim, not supported", "n": [ 1, 3, 4 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 222) records that it was raised by Mr. Dillistone, a nurseryman at Sturmer, near Haverhill, Suffolk, from Ribston Pippin pollinated with Nonpareil. DNA confirmed Nonpareil as a parent; the Ribston Pippin record is not supported (see “Popular claim, not supported” below).", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 39", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 384", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-blenheim-orange": { "name": "Blenheim Orange", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "blenheim-orange", "note": "A triploid (three sets of chromosomes) [3]. Two DNA studies name Reinette de Hollande as the parent that passed on an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes [4][2]. Older records name Blenheim Orange as a possible parent of Cox’s Orange Pippin [5]; the 2023 study counts it among the triploids “incorrectly recorded as the parents of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’” [6].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette de Hollande", "ft-reinette-de-hollande" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Blenheim Orange, a triploid, received an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes from Reinette de Hollande: a 2023 study shows this in its corrected pedigree, and a 2024 DNA table lists Reinette de Hollande as a parent. Its other parent has not been identified.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3, “The true pedigrees of apple cultivars Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and Blenheim Orange”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 78", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 78, ploidy 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 95", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3; Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" } ], "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/blenheim-orange-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/blenheim-orange-480.webp", "alt": "Blenheim Orange: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Mary Daisy Arnold, 1931, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001633.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/blenheim-orange/" } }, "ft-reinette-de-hollande": { "name": "Reinette de Hollande", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. Parents found by DNA: Reinette des Carmes × Reinette Franche [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Reinette de Hollande as the child of Reinette des Carmes × Reinette Franche.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Scarlet Nonpareil", "ft-scarlet-nonpareil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Scarlet Nonpareil as the child of Nonpareil × Reinette de Hollande.", "n": [ 3 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Lamb Abbey Pearmain", "ft-lamb-abbey-pearmain" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA showed Reinette de Hollande and Lamb Abbey Pearmain are parent and child. Reinette de Hollande is the parent because DNA had already placed it as the child of two other apples. The study marked the date check for this pair as “dubious”.", "n": [ 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Blenheim Orange", "ft-blenheim-orange" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Blenheim Orange, a triploid, received an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes from Reinette de Hollande: a 2023 study shows this in its corrected pedigree, and a 2024 DNA table lists Reinette de Hollande as a parent. Its other parent has not been identified.", "n": [ 5, 6 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 244", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 27 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 360", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 5 (Table S4), spreadsheet row 13; Results, oriented duos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3, “The true pedigrees of apple cultivars Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, and Blenheim Orange”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 78", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Table S3, row 244) give Reinette de Hollande as the offspring of Reinette des Carmes × Reinette Franche (also Howard et al. 2021, Table S1, row 27).", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 244", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 27", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-lamb-abbey-pearmain": { "name": "Lamb Abbey Pearmain", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Hogg (1884, p. 128) records it was raised “from the pip of an imported fruit of the Newtown Pippin”; the DNA did not confirm Newtown Pippin as a parent, and the study marked the date check for its DNA parent “dubious” [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette de Hollande", "ft-reinette-de-hollande" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA showed Reinette de Hollande and Lamb Abbey Pearmain are parent and child. Reinette de Hollande is the parent because DNA had already placed it as the child of two other apples. The study marked the date check for this pair as “dubious”.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 5 (Table S4), spreadsheet row 13; Results, oriented duos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 5 (Table S4), spreadsheet row 13", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 128) records: \"Raised in the year 1804, by the wife of Neil Malcolm, Esq., of Lamb Abbey near Dartford, in Kent, from the pip of an imported fruit of the Newtown Pippin.\" DNA did not confirm Newtown Pippin as a parent.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S4, spreadsheet row 13", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-scarlet-nonpareil": { "name": "Scarlet Nonpareil", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. Parents found by DNA: Nonpareil × Reinette de Hollande [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Nonpareil", "ft-nonpareil" ], [ "Reinette de Hollande", "ft-reinette-de-hollande" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Scarlet Nonpareil as the child of Nonpareil × Reinette de Hollande.", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Crow Egg", "ft-crow-egg" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Crow Egg as the child of Scarlet Nonpareil × Alexander (listed as Kaiser Alexander).", "n": [ 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 360", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 374", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 206) gives two accounts of its origin: one places it in a publican's garden at Esher, Surrey; Salisbury says it was raised from seed at Kempton Park, near Sunbury (1816). Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 360) give it as Nonpareil × Reinette de Hollande.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 206", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 360", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-crow-egg": { "name": "Crow Egg", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Duchess & Alexander", "slug": "crow-egg", "note": "The study lists this parent as “Kaiser_Alexander” [1]. That this is the same variety as our Alexander is our own reading of the name, not a DNA match.", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Scarlet Nonpareil", "ft-scarlet-nonpareil" ], [ "Alexander", "ft-alexander" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Crow Egg as the child of Scarlet Nonpareil × Alexander (listed as Kaiser Alexander).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 374", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 44) calls it \"A sweet apple which is still occasionally found in very old orchards but is now practically obsolete\"; his earliest reference is Kenrick 1832. Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 374) give it as Scarlet Nonpareil × Kaiser Alexander.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 374", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/crow-egg-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/crow-egg-480.webp", "alt": "Crow Egg: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Royal Charles Steadman, 1916, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001869.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/crow-egg/" } }, "ft-esopus-spitzenburg": { "name": "Esopus Spitzenburg", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": "esopus-spitzenburg", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Reinette Franche", "ft-reinette-franche" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Reinette Franche as the parent because its documented date is older (1540, against 1790 for Esopus Spitzenburg).", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "King of Tompkins County", "ft-king-of-tompkins-county" ] ], "kind": "Reported potential parent (a DNA similarity result, not a full parentage test)", "why": "King of Tompkins County is a triploid (three sets of chromosomes). A 2018 study found Esopus Spitzenburg to be a potential gamete-donating parent; a 2024 table lists it as a parent. Its other parent has not been identified.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Jonathan", "ft-jonathan" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Esopus Spitzenburg as the parent because older records give it as Jonathan’s parent.", "n": [ 5, 6 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 59", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 114 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4, parent accession 1950033 → offspring 1957219", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 705 (as “Tompkins King”)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 16", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 34 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 122) records that it originated at Esopus, Ulster county, N.Y., and that it was well known in cultivation in New York and adjoining states more than a century before he wrote; he found no authentic account of the date of origin.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 122", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 59", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 114", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/esopus-spitzenburg-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/esopus-spitzenburg-480.webp", "alt": "Esopus Spitzenburg: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Royal Charles Steadman, 1926, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00002145.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "RUspGfsXoEo", "title": "Esopus Spitzenburg: The First of Apples", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/esopus-spitzenburg/" } }, "ft-jonathan": { "name": "Jonathan", "status": "Coming March 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": null, "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Esopus Spitzenburg", "ft-esopus-spitzenburg" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Esopus Spitzenburg as the parent because older records give it as Jonathan’s parent.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "King David", "ft-king-david" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified King David as the child of Jonathan × Winesap. Older records had given “?Jonathan × ?Arkansas Black”; the DNA confirmed Jonathan but not Arkansas Black.", "n": [ 3 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Wealthy", "ft-wealthy" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Jonathan × Borowitsky (Duchess of Oldenburg). DNA identified Wealthy as their child.", "n": [ 4, 5 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Jonagold", "ft-jonagold" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Cornell, which bred it, records Golden Delicious × Jonathan. A 2023 DNA study found the part of Jonagold’s DNA from Jonathan “was nearly perfectly composed of a gamete sample from ‘Jonathan’”.", "n": [ 6, 7, 8 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 16", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 34 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 68", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 6 (cites Vanderzande et al. 2019)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.1, “Triploid allele calling”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 334", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "CU", "text": "Cornell University, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station: ‘Jonagold’ fact sheet", "where": "“PARENTAGE”", "url": "https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b6ccdd8e-d26f-4e18-a742-8a8aab6db2c8/content", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 173) gives the first published account as Judge J. Buel's in 1826, records that it originated on the farm of Mr. Philip Rick of Woodstock, Ulster county, N.Y., and that it was named for Jonathan Hasbrouck.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 16", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 34", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-king-david": { "name": "King David", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": "king-david", "note": "Discovered in 1893 in a hedgerow in Washington County, Arkansas, and introduced in 1902 by Stark Bros. [2]; the genebank gives its parentage as “Jonathan x Winesap or Arkansas Black” [3].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Jonathan", "ft-jonathan" ], [ "Winesap", "ft-winesap" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified King David as the child of Jonathan × Winesap. Older records had given “?Jonathan × ?Arkansas Black”; the DNA confirmed Jonathan but not Arkansas Black.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 68", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "NFCK", "text": "UK National Fruit Collection, King David record", "where": "description", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3223&fruit=apple", "oa": "" }, { "k": "NFCK", "text": "UK National Fruit Collection, King David record", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3223&fruit=apple", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Suppl. Table S3, row 68) give King David as the offspring of Jonathan × Winesap; the earlier literature column lists '?Jonathan' × '?Arkansas Black'.", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 68", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/king-david-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/king-david-480.webp", "alt": "King David: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1906, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00002495.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "_iHiDGsMcVs", "title": "King David: Found in a Fence Row", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/king-david/" } }, "ft-winesap": { "name": "Winesap", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": "winesap", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "King David", "ft-king-david" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified King David as the child of Jonathan × Winesap. Older records had given “?Jonathan × ?Arkansas Black”; the DNA confirmed Jonathan but not Arkansas Black.", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Delicious", "ft-delicious" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Winesap and Delicious to be parent and child. Which is the parent comes from documented dates (1804 for Winesap, against 1880), not from the DNA. A 2021 pedigree table also lists Winesap as a parent of Delicious, citing Van de Weg et al. 2018.", "n": [ 2, 3 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Stayman Winesap", "ft-stayman-winesap" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "A 2024 DNA study lists Winesap as an SNP-confirmed parent of Stayman Winesap (a triploid). Which is the parent comes from the written record: Beach (1905) writes that it “was originated from seed of Winesap in 1866 at Leavenworth, Kan., by Dr. J. Stayman”.", "n": [ 4, 5 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 68", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 162 (oriented using date-lit)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 105", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 671", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "BE05", "text": "Beach 1905, The Apples of New York, vol. 1", "where": "“Historical”, Stayman Winesap entry", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac/page/n545/mode/1up", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 376) writes: \"Nothing definite is known of the origin of Winesap\"; Coxe called it \"the most favored cider fruit in West Jersey.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 376", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 68", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 105", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/winesap-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/winesap-480.webp", "alt": "Winesap: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1903, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00000755.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "XD9UQS178mE", "title": "Winesap: Equal to Any for Bottling", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/winesap/" } }, "ft-stayman-winesap": { "name": "Stayman Winesap", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": null, "note": "A triploid [3].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Winesap", "ft-winesap" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "A 2024 DNA study lists Winesap as an SNP-confirmed parent of Stayman Winesap (a triploid). Which is the parent comes from the written record: Beach (1905) writes that it “was originated from seed of Winesap in 1866 at Leavenworth, Kan., by Dr. J. Stayman”.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 671", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "BE05", "text": "Beach 1905, The Apples of New York, vol. 1", "where": "“Historical”, Stayman Winesap entry", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac/page/n545/mode/1up", "oa": "" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 671, “Ploidy”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, pp. 318–319) records: \"This variety was originated from seed of Winesap in 1866 at Leavenworth, Kan., by Dr. J. Stayman and bore its first fruit in 1875.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — pp. 318–319", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-king-of-tompkins-county": { "name": "King of Tompkins County", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "The Reinette family", "slug": null, "note": "A triploid; also called Tompkins King [3][4].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Esopus Spitzenburg", "ft-esopus-spitzenburg" ] ], "kind": "Reported potential parent (a DNA similarity result, not a full parentage test)", "why": "King of Tompkins County is a triploid (three sets of chromosomes). A 2018 study found Esopus Spitzenburg to be a potential gamete-donating parent; a 2024 table lists it as a parent. Its other parent has not been identified.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4, parent accession 1950033 → offspring 1957219", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 705 (as “Tompkins King”)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 705", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" } ] }, "ft-delicious": { "name": "Delicious", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection.", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Winesap", "ft-winesap" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Winesap and Delicious to be parent and child. Which is the parent comes from documented dates (1804 for Winesap, against 1880), not from the DNA. A 2021 pedigree table also lists Winesap as a parent of Delicious, citing Van de Weg et al. 2018.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Spartan", "ft-spartan" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: McIntosh × Delicious, as listed in the 2021 pedigree table, which cites Vanderzande et al. 2019.", "n": [ 3 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 162 (oriented using date-lit)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 105", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 90", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 105) list Winesap as a parent of Delicious; Muranty et al. 2020 (Table S5, row 162) found the pair, oriented from dates.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 105", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 162", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-wealthy": { "name": "Wealthy", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": null, "note": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Jonathan × Borowitsky (another name for Duchess of Oldenburg) [1][2]. The older record cited by Muranty et al. names Cherry Crab as a parent; the DNA did not confirm it [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Jonathan", "ft-jonathan" ], [ "Duchess of Oldenburg", "ft-duchess-of-oldenburg" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Jonathan × Borowitsky (Duchess of Oldenburg). DNA identified Wealthy as their child.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Fireside", "ft-fireside" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA-confirmed parents: Luby et al. 2022 give “‘Fireside’ (parents: ‘Wealthy’ and ‘Northwest Greening’)”. Earlier, DNA had placed Wealthy as a parent; the older record, McIntosh × Longfield, was not confirmed.", "n": [ 3, 4, 5 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 6 (cites Vanderzande et al. 2019)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H22", "text": "Luby et al. 2022, HortScience 57(3):472–477", "where": "Abstract; Table 1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16354-21", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 5 (Table S4), spreadsheet row 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 359 (cites Howard et al. 2017)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "OPW", "text": "Orange Pippin, Wealthy page", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.orangepippin.com/varieties/apples/wealthy", "oa": "" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Wealthy is a seedling of a Siberian crab (as a popular apple website still says: “Parentage: Seedling of Siberian Crabapple”).", "why": "DNA identified both parents as Jonathan × Duchess of Oldenburg (listed as Borowitsky), so no crab is a parent.", "label": "Popular claim, disproved", "n": [ 6, 1 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 238) records: \"Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from seed of the Cherry Crab, which he obtained about 1860 from Albert Emerson, Bangor, Me.\" DNA has since identified its parents as Jonathan × Duchess of Oldenburg, not the Cherry Crab (see “Popular claim, disproved” below).", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 238", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-fireside": { "name": "Fireside", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": "fireside", "note": "DNA-confirmed parents: Wealthy × Northwest Greening [1][4]. The older record, McIntosh × Longfield, was not confirmed by the DNA [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Wealthy", "ft-wealthy" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA-confirmed parents: Luby et al. 2022 give “‘Fireside’ (parents: ‘Wealthy’ and ‘Northwest Greening’)”. Earlier, DNA had placed Wealthy as a parent; the older record, McIntosh × Longfield, was not confirmed.", "n": [ 1, 2, 3 ] }, { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Northwest Greening", "ft-northwest-greening" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA-confirmed parents: Luby et al. 2022 give “‘Fireside’ (parents: ‘Wealthy’ and ‘Northwest Greening’)”. A second DNA study lists Fireside and Northwest Greening as first-degree relatives.", "n": [ 1, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H22", "text": "Luby et al. 2022, HortScience 57(3):472–477", "where": "Abstract; Table 1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16354-21", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 5 (Table S4), spreadsheet row 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 359 (cites Howard et al. 2017)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 218 and 318", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Fireside is McIntosh × Longfield (the older record).", "why": "DNA identified its parents as Wealthy × Northwest Greening.", "label": "Popular claim, disproved", "n": [ 2, 1 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 359) and Muranty et al. 2020 (Additional file 5, Table S4, row 6) list Wealthy as a genotyped parent of Fireside; Luby et al. 2022 give its parents as Wealthy and Northwest Greening.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 359", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S4, spreadsheet row 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Luby et al. 2022, abstract", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16354-21" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/fireside-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/fireside-480.webp", "alt": "Fireside: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "National Fruit Collection, Brogdale, accession 1951-061", "licence": "OGL v3.0", "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "source": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=2032&&fruit=apple" }, "page": "/living-museum/fireside/" } }, "ft-northwest-greening": { "name": "Northwest Greening", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Jonathan & Winesap", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection, and not drawn on the tree: it is written as the second parent under Fireside. Luby et al. 2022 give Fireside’s parents as Wealthy and Northwest Greening [1]; a second DNA study lists Northwest Greening and Fireside as first-degree relatives [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Fireside", "ft-fireside" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA-confirmed parents: Luby et al. 2022 give “‘Fireside’ (parents: ‘Wealthy’ and ‘Northwest Greening’)”. A second DNA study lists Fireside and Northwest Greening as first-degree relatives.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H22", "text": "Luby et al. 2022, HortScience 57(3):472–477", "where": "Abstract; Table 1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16354-21", "oa": "" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 218 and 318", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "offtree": true }, "ft-jonagold": { "name": "Jonagold", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "jonagold", "note": "Cornell records it as Golden Delicious × Jonathan, selected in 1953 and introduced in 1968 at Geneva, New York [4]. Two DNA studies confirm it: a triploid that received an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes from Golden Delicious [1][2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Golden Delicious", "ft-golden-delicious" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Cornell, which bred it, records Golden Delicious × Jonathan. DNA confirms it: a 2018 study lists Golden Delicious → Jonagold among “documented heteroploid relationships” it confirmed, and a 2023 study matched Jonagold’s SNP data to Golden Delicious, which passed on an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes, and to Jonathan.", "n": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] }, { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Jonathan", "ft-jonathan" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Cornell, which bred it, records Golden Delicious × Jonathan. A 2023 DNA study found the part of Jonagold’s DNA from Jonathan “was nearly perfectly composed of a gamete sample from ‘Jonathan’”.", "n": [ 2, 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.1, “Triploid allele calling”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 334", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "CU", "text": "Cornell University, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station: ‘Jonagold’ fact sheet", "where": "“PARENTAGE”", "url": "https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b6ccdd8e-d26f-4e18-a742-8a8aab6db2c8/content", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Cornell's fact sheet FLS-150 gives the parentage 'Golden Delicious' × 'Jonathan', selected 1953 and introduced 1968.", "cites": [ { "text": "Cornell University / NYSAES, Fruit and Vegetable Science fact sheet FLS-150 ('Jonagold')", "url": "https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b6ccdd8e-d26f-4e18-a742-8a8aab6db2c8/content" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/jonagold-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/jonagold-480.webp", "alt": "Jonagold: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Joergens.mi, 2017, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jonagold_(Apfel)_jm28226.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/jonagold/" } }, "ft-grimes-golden": { "name": "Grimes Golden", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "grimes-golden", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Golden Delicious", "ft-golden-delicious" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Grimes Golden and Golden Delicious to be parent and child. Which is the parent comes from older pedigree records, which name Grimes Golden, not from the DNA. A 2021 pedigree table also lists Grimes Golden as a parent of Golden Delicious, citing Van de Weg et al. 2018.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 11 (oriented using ped-lit)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 38", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 154) records: \"Originated in West Virginia. Fruit from the original tree was sold to the New Orleans traders as long ago as 1804.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 38", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 11", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/grimes-golden-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/grimes-golden-480.webp", "alt": "Grimes Golden: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1905, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00002199.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "_19wqrzoRP4", "title": "Grimes Golden: Too Good for Aught Else", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/grimes-golden/" } }, "ft-golden-delicious": { "name": "Golden Delicious", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection.", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Grimes Golden", "ft-grimes-golden" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA found Grimes Golden and Golden Delicious to be parent and child. Which is the parent comes from older pedigree records, which name Grimes Golden, not from the DNA. A 2021 pedigree table also lists Grimes Golden as a parent of Golden Delicious, citing Van de Weg et al. 2018.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Goldrush", "ft-goldrush" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Goldrush as the child of Co-op 17 × Golden Delicious, matching the recorded parents.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "MN 1627", "ft-mn-1627" ] ], "kind": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "why": "MN 1627 no longer exists and was never tested. DNA identified Duchess of Oldenburg and Golden Delicious as grandparents of Honeycrisp through its unknown parent, and breeding records give MN 1627 as Duchess of Oldenburg (as the sport Daniel’s Red Duchess) × Golden Delicious.", "n": [ 5, 6 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Jonagold", "ft-jonagold" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Cornell, which bred it, records Golden Delicious × Jonathan. DNA confirms it: a 2018 study lists Golden Delicious → Jonagold among “documented heteroploid relationships” it confirmed, and a 2023 study matched Jonagold’s SNP data to Golden Delicious, which passed on an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes, and to Jonathan.", "n": [ 7, 8, 9, 10 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Mutsu (Crispin)", "ft-mutsu--crispin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "A 1977 review of Japanese apple breeding records Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo. A 2018 DNA study lists Golden Delicious → Mutsu among “documented heteroploid relationships” it confirmed (Mutsu is a triploid), and a 2024 DNA study lists Golden Delicious as a parent.", "n": [ 7, 11, 12 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 11 (oriented using ped-lit)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 38", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 49", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 192 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract; Results, “Identification of unknown parent of Honeycrisp”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 418", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.1, “Triploid allele calling”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 334", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "CU", "text": "Cornell University, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station: ‘Jonagold’ fact sheet", "where": "“PARENTAGE”", "url": "https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b6ccdd8e-d26f-4e18-a742-8a8aab6db2c8/content", "oa": "" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 474", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "JARQ", "text": "Yoshida 1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "where": "Table 1", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 38) list Grimes Golden as a parent of Golden Delicious; Muranty et al. 2020 (Table S5, row 11) found the pair.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 38", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 11", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-goldrush": { "name": "Goldrush", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "goldrush", "note": "Other parent: Co-op 17 [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Golden Delicious", "ft-golden-delicious" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Goldrush as the child of Co-op 17 × Golden Delicious, matching the recorded parents.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 49", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 192 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Suppl. Table S3, row 49) give Goldrush as Co-op 17 × Golden Delicious, matching the parents in the literature column (also Howard et al. 2021, row 192).", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S3, spreadsheet row 49", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 192", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/goldrush-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/goldrush-480.webp", "alt": "Goldrush: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Joergens.mi, 2019, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goldrush_(Apfel)_jm94416.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/goldrush/" } }, "ft-mutsu--crispin": { "name": "Mutsu (Crispin)", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "mutsu-crispin", "note": "Recorded by Japanese breeders as Golden Delicious × Indo; the same paper says Mutsu was renamed Crispin in Europe [5]. A DNA study confirms Golden Delicious as the parent of this triploid [1]. A 2024 DNA table lists Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Golden Delicious", "ft-golden-delicious" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "A 1977 review of Japanese apple breeding records Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo. A 2018 DNA study lists Golden Delicious → Mutsu among “documented heteroploid relationships” it confirmed (Mutsu is a triploid), and a 2024 DNA study lists Golden Delicious as a parent.", "n": [ 1, 2, 3 ] }, { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Indo", "ft-indo" ] ], "kind": "Written record", "why": "A 1977 review of Japanese apple breeding lists Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo, location Aomori. A 2024 DNA table (row 474) also lists Golden Delicious × Indo.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 474", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "JARQ", "text": "Yoshida 1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "where": "Table 1", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf", "oa": "" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 474 (Golden_Delicious × Indo)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "JARQ", "text": "Yoshida 1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "where": "Table 1, p. 57; text, p. 58", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Yoshida (1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, Table 1) gives Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo; the same paper says it was renamed Crispin in Europe.", "cites": [ { "text": "Yoshida, Y. 1977. Progress of apple breeding in Japan. JARQ (Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly), Table 1", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/mutsu-crispin-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/mutsu-crispin-480.webp", "alt": "Mutsu (Crispin): reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Joergens.mi, 2017, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mutsu_(Apfel)_jm26748.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/mutsu-crispin/" } }, "ft-indo": { "name": "Indo", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. Listed as a chance seedling in the Japanese breeding paper [4]. The older record cited by Muranty et al. gives White Winter Pearmain as a parent [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Newtown Pippin", "ft-newtown-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Newtown Pippin as the parent because its documented date is older (1759, against 1930 for Indo).", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Mutsu (Crispin)", "ft-mutsu--crispin" ] ], "kind": "Written record", "why": "A 1977 review of Japanese apple breeding lists Mutsu as Golden Delicious × Indo, location Aomori. A 2024 DNA table (row 474) also lists Golden Delicious × Indo.", "n": [ 2, 3 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 135", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "JARQ", "text": "Yoshida 1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "where": "Table 1", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf", "oa": "" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 474 (Golden_Delicious × Indo)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "JARQ", "text": "Yoshida 1977, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "where": "Table 1, p. 57", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020 (Suppl. Table S5, row 135) found Indo and Newtown Pippin to be a parent–offspring pair; Newtown Pippin was named the parent from documented dates.", "cites": [ { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 135", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-newtown-pippin": { "name": "Newtown Pippin", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "newtown-pippin", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "York Imperial", "ft-york-imperial" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Newtown Pippin as the parent because its documented date is older (1759, against 1820 for York Imperial).", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Indo", "ft-indo" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Newtown Pippin as the parent because its documented date is older (1759, against 1930 for Indo).", "n": [ 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 134", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 135", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, pp. 147–148) quotes Taylor: the Newtown Pippin \"was the first American apple which attracted attention in Europe\"; Franklin received specimens in London in 1759.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — pp. 147–148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 134", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 135", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/newtown-pippin-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/newtown-pippin-480.webp", "alt": "Newtown Pippin: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Ellen Isham Schutt, 1910, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00000792.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "6BIIxQAZmiY", "title": "Newtown Pippin: The Apple That Crossed the Ocean", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/newtown-pippin/" } }, "ft-york-imperial": { "name": "York Imperial", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "york-imperial", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Newtown Pippin", "ft-newtown-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Newtown Pippin as the parent because its documented date is older (1759, against 1820 for York Imperial).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 134", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 386) quotes Taylor: it originated early in the 19th century on a farm next to York, Pa., was propagated by nurseryman Jonathan Jessop as \"Johnson's Fine Winter\", and was renamed York Imperial at Charles Downing's suggestion.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 386", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 134", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/york-imperial-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/york-imperial-480.webp", "alt": "York Imperial: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1904, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00000930.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "aFDzUNnLcxA", "title": "York Imperial: The Schoolboys' Apple", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/york-imperial/" } }, "ft-mn-1627": { "name": "MN 1627", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": null, "note": "A University of Minnesota selection. The study says it “is no longer available, but now is genetically described through imputed SNP haplotypes” [3].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Golden Delicious", "ft-golden-delicious" ], [ "Duchess of Oldenburg", "ft-duchess-of-oldenburg" ] ], "kind": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "why": "MN 1627 no longer exists and was never tested. DNA identified Duchess of Oldenburg and Golden Delicious as grandparents of Honeycrisp through its unknown parent, and breeding records give MN 1627 as Duchess of Oldenburg (as the sport Daniel’s Red Duchess) × Golden Delicious.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Honeycrisp", "ft-honeycrisp" ] ], "kind": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "why": "DNA showed Keepsake is one parent of Honeycrisp. Breeding records of several of Honeycrisp’s siblings suggested the unknown other parent is MN 1627, which no longer exists; the study worked out its DNA from its relatives.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract; Results, “Identification of unknown parent of Honeycrisp”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 418", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 234", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 418) list MN1627 as an ungenotyped 'Dummy' individual, Duchess of Oldenburg × Golden Delicious, after Howard et al. 2017.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 418", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-honeycrisp": { "name": "Honeycrisp", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "honeycrisp", "note": "The originally recorded parentage was Honeygold × Macoun. DNA showed Keepsake as one parent; breeding records suggested the unknown other parent is MN 1627 [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "MN 1627", "ft-mn-1627" ] ], "kind": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "why": "DNA showed Keepsake is one parent of Honeycrisp. Breeding records of several of Honeycrisp’s siblings suggested the unknown other parent is MN 1627, which no longer exists; the study worked out its DNA from its relatives.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Keepsake", "ft-keepsake" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA verified Keepsake as one parent of Honeycrisp, in place of the originally recorded parentage, Honeygold × Macoun.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 234", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 234) give Honeycrisp as Keepsake × MN1627, after Howard et al. 2017.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 234", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Howard, N.P. et al. 2017. Elucidation of the 'Honeycrisp' pedigree through haplotype analysis with a multi-family integrated SNP linkage map and a large apple (Malus x domestica) pedigree-connected SNP data set. Horticulture Research 4:17003", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/honeycrisp-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/honeycrisp-480.webp", "alt": "Honeycrisp: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Evan-Amos, 2011", "licence": "CC0 1.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honeycrisp-Apple.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/honeycrisp/" } }, "ft-keepsake": { "name": "Keepsake", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "keepsake", "note": "DNA confirmed the recorded parents, Frostbite × Northern Spy: the study names them as “the parents of ‘Keepsake’” [5][6].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Northern Spy", "ft-northern-spy" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA confirmed the recorded parents of Keepsake, Frostbite × Northern Spy.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Honeycrisp", "ft-honeycrisp" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA verified Keepsake as one parent of Honeycrisp, in place of the originally recorded parentage, Honeygold × Macoun.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Results, “Genetic analysis of the Honeycrisp pedigree”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 336", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 234", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Materials and methods, “Genetic analysis of the ‘Honeycrisp’ pedigree”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 336 (cites Howard et al. 2017)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 336) give Keepsake as Frostbite × Northern Spy.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 336", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/keepsake-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/keepsake-480.webp", "alt": "Keepsake: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "USDA ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY (PI 589894)", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://www.usa.gov/government-copyright", "source": "https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/accessiondetail?id=1021860" }, "page": "/living-museum/keepsake/" } }, "ft-northern-spy": { "name": "Northern Spy", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Golden Delicious & Minnesota", "slug": "northern-spy", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Keepsake", "ft-keepsake" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA confirmed the recorded parents of Keepsake, Frostbite × Northern Spy.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Results, “Genetic analysis of the Honeycrisp pedigree”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 336", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 232) records that it originated in a seedling orchard at East Bloomfield, N.Y., planted by Heman Chapin about 1800 with trees grown from seed brought from Salisbury, Connecticut.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 336", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/northern-spy-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/northern-spy-480.webp", "alt": "Northern Spy: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1904, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00000282.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "Ap97QhWJkQ4", "title": "Northern Spy: The Tree That Never Bore", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/northern-spy/" } }, "ft-duchess-of-oldenburg": { "name": "Duchess of Oldenburg", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Duchess & Alexander", "slug": "duchess-of-oldenburg", "note": "Called Borowitsky in one study [1]; in another, MN 1627 is recorded from its sport Daniel’s Red Duchess [5].", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Wealthy", "ft-wealthy" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Jonathan × Borowitsky (Duchess of Oldenburg). DNA identified Wealthy as their child.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "MN 1627", "ft-mn-1627" ] ], "kind": "Reconstructed (an in-between parent was never tested)", "why": "MN 1627 no longer exists and was never tested. DNA identified Duchess of Oldenburg and Golden Delicious as grandparents of Honeycrisp through its unknown parent, and breeding records give MN 1627 as Duchess of Oldenburg (as the sport Daniel’s Red Duchess) × Golden Delicious.", "n": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 3 (Table S3), spreadsheet row 142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 6 (cites Vanderzande et al. 2019)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Abstract; Results, “Identification of unknown parent of Honeycrisp”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 418", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H17", "text": "Howard et al. 2017, Horticulture Research 4:17003", "where": "Results, “Identification of unknown parent of ‘Honeycrisp’”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 152) records Oldenburg as one of four Russian apples imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society from the London Horticultural Society about 1835, having been brought to England from Russia about twenty years earlier.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 418", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/duchess-of-oldenburg-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/duchess-of-oldenburg-480.webp", "alt": "Duchess of Oldenburg: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Ellen Isham Schutt, 1912, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00000446.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "caSsG1pgmdE", "title": "Duchess of Oldenburg: The Apple That Braved the Prairie", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/duchess-of-oldenburg/" } }, "ft-alexander": { "name": "Alexander", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Duchess & Alexander", "slug": null, "note": "One study lists a “Kaiser_Alexander” [1]; reading that as our Alexander is our own inference from the name, not a DNA match.", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Crow Egg", "ft-crow-egg" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Crow Egg as the child of Scarlet Nonpareil × Alexander (listed as Kaiser Alexander).", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Wolf River", "ft-wolf-river" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Alexander as the parent because older records give Wolf River’s parent as “probably Alexander”.", "n": [ 2, 3 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 374", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 44", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 19 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 4) records: \"Introduced into England from Russia in 1817\"; the date it reached America is not known. Beach (vol. 2, p. 152) counts it among the four pioneer Russian apples imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society about 1835.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-wolf-river": { "name": "Wolf River", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Duchess & Alexander", "slug": null, "note": "Beach (1905) records that it “originated by W. A. Springer, near Wolf River, Fremont county, Wis.” [3], and quotes Hansen that it is “supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander” [4]. Older records cited by the DNA study say “probably Alexander” [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Alexander", "ft-alexander" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed pair; which is the parent comes from historical records or dates, not DNA", "why": "DNA showed they are parent and child but could not say which is which. The study named Alexander as the parent because older records give Wolf River’s parent as “probably Alexander”.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 44", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 19 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "BE05B", "text": "Beach 1905, The Apples of New York, vol. 2", "where": "vol. 2, p. 246, “Historical”", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac", "oa": "" }, { "k": "BE05B", "text": "Beach 1905, The Apples of New York, vol. 2", "where": "vol. 2, p. 245", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 246) records: \"Originated by W. A. Springer, near Wolf River, Fremont county, Wis., hence its name. It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1881.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 245", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 44", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 19", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-fameuse": { "name": "Fameuse", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "fameuse", "note": "Older records named Fameuse as a parent of McIntosh; DNA has not confirmed that. A 2021 DNA study deduced Fameuse to be a likely grandparent of McIntosh, so no line joins them here [2]. See the McIntosh card.", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Otterson", "ft-otterson" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Otterson as the child of Fameuse × Niedzwetzkyana.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Abstract; Results, case study 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, line 311 (“Snow”)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "story": { "title": "Possible descendant: McIntosh", "text": "A 2021 DNA study deduced Fameuse to be “a likely grandparent of ‘McIntosh’”; a second DNA study lists no first-degree link between them. No line is drawn.", "n": [ 2, 3 ] }, "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, pp. 66–67) quotes Waugh: \"The history of Fameuse is obscure, probably beyond clearing up satisfactorily\"; whether it is of American or European origin was long debated.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — pp. 66–67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/fameuse-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/fameuse-480.webp", "alt": "Fameuse: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Ellen Isham Schutt, 1912, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001896.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "UPPVkOxi-AY", "title": "Fameuse: The Snow Apple", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/fameuse/" } }, "ft-mcintosh": { "name": "McIntosh", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "mcintosh", "note": "Shown as the earliest ancestor on its line. Old records claim Fameuse as its parent: the UK National Fruit Collection gives “Fameuse or Saint Lawrence x Unknown” [3], and the literature parents in Muranty et al.’s table read “Fameuse?” [4]. DNA has not confirmed Fameuse as the parent. Howard et al. 2021 deduced Fameuse to be “a likely grandparent of ‘McIntosh’” [5].", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Spartan", "ft-spartan" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: McIntosh × Delicious, as listed in the 2021 pedigree table, which cites Vanderzande et al. 2019.", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Macoun", "ft-macoun" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: McIntosh × Jersey Black. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 90", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 186", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "NFC", "text": "UK National Fruit Collection, McIntosh record", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3874&fruit=apple", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Abstract; Results, case study 6", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, line 311 (“Snow”)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "BE05P16", "text": "Beach 1905, The Apples of New York, vol. 1, p. 16", "where": "p. 16, “the Fameuse or Snow”", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac/page/16/mode/1up", "oa": "" } ], "story": { "title": "Possible ancestor: Fameuse", "text": "Old records name Fameuse (also called Snow) as McIntosh’s parent. A 2021 DNA study deduced Fameuse to be “a likely grandparent of ‘McIntosh’”, and a second DNA study lists no first-degree link between them: its first-degree relatives of “Snow” are Blair, Uljanisceva, Saint Lawrence and Black Crofton. So it is told here as a story, and no line is drawn.", "n": [ 5, 6, 7 ] }, "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 134) records: \"Originated as a chance seedling on the McIntosh homestead, Matilda township, Dundas county, Ontario, where Allan McIntosh began the propagation of this variety in the nursery about 1870.\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection record", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3874&fruit=apple" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/mcintosh-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/mcintosh-480.webp", "alt": "McIntosh: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1909, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00002355.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "YaA8UYrYBgE", "title": "McIntosh: Canada’s Apple", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/mcintosh/" } }, "ft-spartan": { "name": "Spartan", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "spartan", "note": "Its breeders’ own account says it was “believed to be a cross of ‘McIntosh’ X ‘Yellow Newtown’”, until “a study of isozyme polymorphism” showed the “pollen parent cannot be ‘Yellow Newtown’” [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Delicious", "ft-delicious" ], [ "McIntosh", "ft-mcintosh" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: McIntosh × Delicious, as listed in the 2021 pedigree table, which cites Vanderzande et al. 2019.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 90", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "JAPS", "text": "Hampson, Quamme & MacDonald 1999, Fruit Varieties Journal 53(4):190–192", "where": "p. 190", "url": "https://journal.americanpomological.org/index.php/jofaps/article/download/2366/2370/5091", "oa": "" }, { "k": "OPS", "text": "Orange Pippin, Spartan page", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.orangepippin.com/varieties/apples/spartan", "oa": "" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 90 (cites Vanderzande et al. 2019)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Spartan is McIntosh × Newtown Pippin (a popular apple website: “McIntosh x Newtown Pippin (?)”).", "why": "Its breeders reported that “a study of isozyme polymorphism” showed the “pollen parent cannot be ‘Yellow Newtown’”, and SNP data give McIntosh × Delicious.", "label": "Popular claim, disproved", "n": [ 3, 2, 4 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 90) give Spartan as McIntosh × Delicious.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 90", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/spartan-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/spartan-480.webp", "alt": "Spartan: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Joergens.mi, 2019, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spartan_(Apfel)_jm94411.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/spartan/" } }, "ft-macoun": { "name": "Macoun", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. SNP-confirmed parents: McIntosh × Jersey Black; the 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "McIntosh", "ft-mcintosh" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: McIntosh × Jersey Black. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Liberty", "ft-liberty" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Macoun × PRI 54-12, as listed in the 2021 pedigree table, which cites Vanderzande et al. 2019.", "n": [ 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 186", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 125", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 186) give Macoun as McIntosh × Jersey Black.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 186", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-liberty": { "name": "Liberty", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "liberty", "note": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Macoun × PRI 54-12 [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Macoun", "ft-macoun" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed pedigree: Macoun × PRI 54-12, as listed in the 2021 pedigree table, which cites Vanderzande et al. 2019.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 125", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 125 (cites Vanderzande et al. 2019)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 125) give Liberty as Macoun × PRI 54-12.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 125", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/liberty-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/liberty-480.webp", "alt": "Liberty: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Shuhrataxmedov, 2010, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%AF%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/liberty/" } }, "ft-otterson": { "name": "Otterson", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "otterson", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parents", "others": [ [ "Fameuse", "ft-fameuse" ], [ "Niedzwetzkyana Crab", "ft-niedzwetzkyana-crab" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Otterson as the child of Fameuse × Niedzwetzkyana.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 482) give Otterson as Fameuse × Niedzwetzkyana.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "page": "/living-museum/otterson/" } }, "ft-niedzwetzkyana-crab": { "name": "Niedzwetzkyana Crab", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "McIntosh & Fameuse", "slug": "niedzwetzkyana-crab", "note": "Listed in the study as Niedzwetzkyana [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Otterson", "ft-otterson" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified Otterson as the child of Fameuse × Niedzwetzkyana.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 482) list Niedzwetzkyana as a parent of Otterson.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 482", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/niedzwetzkyana-crab-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/niedzwetzkyana-crab-480.webp", "alt": "Niedzwetzkyana Crab: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Mary E. Eaton, Botanical plate, 1921", "licence": "public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malus-niedzwetzkyana.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/niedzwetzkyana-crab/" } }, "ft-margil": { "name": "Margil", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Cox and its line", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. DNA places it as a parent of both Cox’s Orange Pippin and Ribston Pippin [8].", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Cox's Orange Pippin", "ft-cox-s-orange-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified both parents of Cox’s Orange Pippin: Margil × Rosemary Russet (a 2023 study, which “further completed the pedigree” by finding Rosemary Russet). With both parents found, Cox is the child. The 2020 study had paired Margil with Cox and set the direction from documented dates (1608, against 1825).", "n": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Ribston Pippin", "ft-ribston-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Ribston Pippin, a triploid, received an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes from Margil (a 2023 DNA study; a 2018 study found Margil a potential gamete-donating parent, and a 2024 DNA table lists it as a parent). The 2023 study names Nonsuch Park as the other parent.", "n": [ 5, 6, 7 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3; Discussion §4.5; Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 139 (Margil × Rosemary Russet)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 95", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 71 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3; Results §3.3; Discussion §4.5", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4, parent accession 1984011 → offspring 1973142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 592 (Margil × Nonsuch Park)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 142) writes that there seems to be no record of it before the Pomona Londinensis, that it was grown in the Brompton Park Nursery as early as 1750, and that he cannot trace its origin.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — pp. 141–142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 71", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 95", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-cox-s-orange-pippin": { "name": "Cox's Orange Pippin", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Cox and its line", "slug": "coxs-orange-pippin", "note": "Other parent: Rosemary Russet (not drawn on the tree), identified by DNA in 2023 [1]. The UK National Fruit Collection still records “Ribston Pippin x Unknown” [6], and older records cited by Muranty et al. give Ribston Pippin × ?Blenheim Orange [3].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Margil", "ft-margil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "DNA identified both parents of Cox’s Orange Pippin: Margil × Rosemary Russet (a 2023 study, which “further completed the pedigree” by finding Rosemary Russet). With both parents found, Cox is the child. The 2020 study had paired Margil with Cox and set the direction from documented dates (1608, against 1825).", "n": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Malling Kent", "ft-malling-kent" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: Cox’s Orange Pippin × Democrat. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 5 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3; Discussion §4.5; Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 139 (Margil × Rosemary Russet)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "M20", "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "where": "Additional file 6 (Table S5), spreadsheet row 95", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 71 (cites Muranty et al. 2020)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 97", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "NFCC", "text": "UK National Fruit Collection, Cox’s Orange Pippin record", "where": "“Parentage”", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=1330&fruit=apple", "oa": "" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Results §3.3 (“In 18 of these pedigrees, these relationships were all deemed false”); Discussion §4.5; Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4 (Ribston Pippin 3x)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Ribston Pippin is the parent of Cox’s Orange Pippin.", "why": "Ribston Pippin is a triploid. A 2023 study found that every recorded pedigree naming a triploid as parent of a diploid was false (18 of 19 outright, and Cox as a special case), and identified Cox’s parents as Margil × Rosemary Russet.", "label": "Popular claim, disproved", "n": [ 7, 8 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Hogg (1884, p. 55) records that it was raised at Colnbrook Lawn, near Slough, Bucks, by a Mr. Cox, formerly a brewer at Bermondsey, in 1830. Dates given vary (about 1825–1830): the UK National Fruit Collection says it was “Raised in about 1825 by Richard Cox”.", "cites": [ { "text": "Hogg, R. 1884. The Fruit Manual, 5th ed. London: Journal of Horticulture Office — p. 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitmanualguide00hoggrich" }, { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 71", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" }, { "text": "Muranty et al. 2020, Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 95", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6" }, { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection (Brogdale), variety record: Cox’s Orange Pippin — description", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=1330&fruit=apple" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/coxs-orange-pippin-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/coxs-orange-pippin-480.webp", "alt": "Cox's Orange Pippin: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1907, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001846.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "I_Yhxgqyp8Y", "title": "Cox’s Orange Pippin: The Brewer’s Seedling", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/coxs-orange-pippin/" } }, "ft-ribston-pippin": { "name": "Ribston Pippin", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Cox and its line", "slug": "ribston-pippin", "note": "A triploid (three sets of chromosomes) [4]. A 2023 DNA study names Margil as the parent that passed on an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes [5]; a 2018 study found Margil a potential gamete-donating parent [4]; the 2023 study names Nonsuch Park (not in our collection, not drawn) as the other parent [5].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Margil", "ft-margil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "Ribston Pippin, a triploid, received an unreduced (double) set of chromosomes from Margil (a 2023 DNA study; a 2018 study found Margil a potential gamete-donating parent, and a 2024 DNA table lists it as a parent). The 2023 study names Nonsuch Park as the other parent.", "n": [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3; Results §3.3; Discussion §4.5", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4, parent accession 1984011 → offspring 1973142", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "L24", "text": "Larsen et al. 2024, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "where": "Supplementary Table S5, spreadsheet row 592 (Margil × Nonsuch Park)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1", "oa": "" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "Table 4", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, { "k": "H23", "text": "Howard et al. 2023, Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "where": "Figure 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "oa": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 2, p. 185) records: \"Ribston originated more than two hundred years ago in Yorkshire, England (1, 7).\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. II. Albany: J.B. Lyon — p. 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/ribston-pippin-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/ribston-pippin-480.webp", "alt": "Ribston Pippin: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1904, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00003105.jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/ribston-pippin/" } }, "ft-malling-kent": { "name": "Malling Kent", "status": "Ancestor · not in our collection", "kind": "anc", "family": "Cox and its line", "slug": null, "note": "Not in our collection. SNP-confirmed parents: Cox’s Orange Pippin × Democrat; the 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Cox's Orange Pippin", "ft-cox-s-orange-pippin" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: Cox’s Orange Pippin × Democrat. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 1 ] }, { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Red Devil", "ft-red-devil" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: Malling Kent × Discovery. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 97", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 327", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, { "k": "ORD18", "text": "Ordidge et al. 2018, PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "where": "S1 Table, accession 1964031, “Expected kinship coefficient”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" } ], "disproved": [ { "claim": "Malling Kent is Cox’s Orange Pippin × Jonathan (the documented pedigree: Ordidge et al. list an expected kinship of 0.25 with both Cox and Jonathan).", "why": "SNP data give Cox’s Orange Pippin × Democrat, first reported in the 2021 study.", "label": "Popular claim, disproved", "n": [ 3, 1 ] } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 97) give Malling Kent as Cox's Orange Pippin × Democrat.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 97", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true } }, "ft-red-devil": { "name": "Red Devil", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Cox and its line", "slug": "red-devil", "note": "SNP-confirmed parents: Malling Kent × Discovery; the 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree [1].", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Malling Kent", "ft-malling-kent" ] ], "kind": "DNA-confirmed parent", "why": "SNP-confirmed parents: Malling Kent × Discovery. The 2021 study reports this as the first SNP confirmation of this pedigree (“This study”).", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "H21", "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:202", "where": "Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 327", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" } ], "history": { "text": "Howard et al. 2021 (Table S1, row 327) give Red Devil as Malling Kent × Discovery.", "cites": [ { "text": "Howard et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S1, spreadsheet row 327", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/red-devil-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/red-devil-480.webp", "alt": "Red Devil: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "National Fruit Collection, Brogdale, accession 1999-070", "licence": "OGL v3.0", "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "source": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=5021&&fruit=apple" }, "page": "/living-museum/red-devil/" } }, "ft-blue-pearmain": { "name": "Blue Pearmain", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Small families", "slug": "blue-pearmain", "note": "DNA shows Blue Pearmain and Black Oxford are first-degree relatives (parent and child, or full siblings); which is which is not known [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Relative", "others": [ [ "Black Oxford", "ft-black-oxford" ] ], "kind": "DNA close relatives; direction unknown", "why": "DNA showed Black Oxford and Blue Pearmain are putative first-degree relatives, which the study defines as “parent–offspring, full sibling, or equivalent”. It does not say which, and its authors caution that such values “do not necessarily reflect first-degree relatives and could be generated from more complex familial relationships”. So neither is shown as the parent or as the older.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 48 and 149; Methods, “Identity by descent”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 48 and 149", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "history": { "text": "Beach (1905, vol. 1, p. 80) calls it \"an old variety of uncertain origin\"; Kenrick reported it common near Boston. Migicovsky et al. 2021 (Table S9) list Black Oxford as a first-degree relative.", "cites": [ { "text": "Beach, S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, Vol. I. Albany: J.B. Lyon (Report of the N.Y. Agricultural Experiment Station for 1903) — p. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac" }, { "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S9, line 149", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7" } ], "verified": "primary", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/blue-pearmain-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/blue-pearmain-480.webp", "alt": "Blue Pearmain: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Mary Daisy Arnold, 1912, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001403.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "ll7IjoQycVU", "title": "Blue Pearmain: Thoreau’s Pocket Apple", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/blue-pearmain/" } }, "ft-black-oxford": { "name": "Black Oxford", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Small families", "slug": "black-oxford", "note": "DNA shows Black Oxford and Blue Pearmain are first-degree relatives (parent and child, or full siblings); which is which is not known [2].", "links": [ { "rel": "Relative", "others": [ [ "Blue Pearmain", "ft-blue-pearmain" ] ], "kind": "DNA close relatives; direction unknown", "why": "DNA showed Black Oxford and Blue Pearmain are putative first-degree relatives, which the study defines as “parent–offspring, full sibling, or equivalent”. It does not say which, and its authors caution that such values “do not necessarily reflect first-degree relatives and could be generated from more complex familial relationships”. So neither is shown as the parent or as the older.", "n": [ 1 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 48 and 149; Methods, “Identity by descent”", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, { "k": "MG21", "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Horticulture Research 8:9", "where": "Supplementary Table S9, lines 48 and 149", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "oa": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" } ], "history": { "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021 (Supplementary Table S9) list Blue Pearmain as a first-degree relative of Black Oxford (sibling, parent or offspring — the table does not say which).", "cites": [ { "text": "Migicovsky et al. 2021, Supplementary Table S9, line 48", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": true }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/black-oxford-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/black-oxford-480.webp", "alt": "Black Oxford: archival reference image", "caption": "Archival reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Deborah Griscom Passmore, 1896, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, National Agricultural Library", "licence": "Public domain", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pomological_Watercolor_POM00001390.jpg" }, "video": { "id": "dZ8nVS9JRDc", "title": "Black Oxford: Maine’s Plum-Dark Apple", "caption": "Archival story video, made from archival reference images; not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Honey Tree Orchard (our own video, published on our YouTube channel)" }, "page": "/living-museum/black-oxford/" } }, "ft-surprise": { "name": "Surprise", "status": "Coming 2027", "kind": "2027", "family": "Small families", "slug": null, "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Child", "others": [ [ "Pink Pearl", "ft-pink-pearl" ] ], "kind": "Written record", "why": "Written record, not a DNA test: the plant patent describes the tree as “a seedling of Surprise”, and the USDA genebank lists Pink Pearl as an “open-pollinated seedling of Surprise”, Plant Patent 723.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "PP723", "text": "Etter, U.S. Plant Patent 723 (1947)", "where": "“Origin”", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP723P", "oa": "https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/00/89/4f/038db435818692/USPP723.pdf" }, { "k": "GRIN", "text": "USDA GRIN, accession PI 588980 (Pink Pearl)", "where": "Pedigree / history", "url": "https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/accessiondetail?id=1006568", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "U.S. Plant Patent 723 (A. F. Etter, 1947) describes Pink Pearl as \"A seedling of 'Surprise.'\"", "cites": [ { "text": "Etter, A.F. 1947. U.S. Plant Patent 723 ('Pink Pearl'); USDA GRIN accession PI 588980", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP723P" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": false } }, "ft-pink-pearl": { "name": "Pink Pearl", "status": "In our collection", "kind": "hand", "family": "Small families", "slug": "pink-pearl", "note": "", "links": [ { "rel": "Parent", "others": [ [ "Surprise", "ft-surprise" ] ], "kind": "Written record", "why": "Written record, not a DNA test: the plant patent describes the tree as “a seedling of Surprise”, and the USDA genebank lists Pink Pearl as an “open-pollinated seedling of Surprise”, Plant Patent 723.", "n": [ 1, 2 ] } ], "cites": [ { "k": "PP723", "text": "Etter, U.S. Plant Patent 723 (1947)", "where": "“Origin”", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP723P", "oa": "https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/00/89/4f/038db435818692/USPP723.pdf" }, { "k": "GRIN", "text": "USDA GRIN, accession PI 588980 (Pink Pearl)", "where": "Pedigree / history", "url": "https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/accessiondetail?id=1006568", "oa": "" } ], "history": { "text": "U.S. Plant Patent 723 (A. F. Etter, 1947) states: \"Origin: A seedling of 'Surprise.'\" (USDA GRIN PI 588980).", "cites": [ { "text": "Etter, A.F. 1947. U.S. Plant Patent 723 ('Pink Pearl'); USDA GRIN accession PI 588980", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP723P" } ], "verified": "checked", "contains_dna_study_wording": false }, "media": { "photo": { "src": "/images/varieties/pink-pearl-480.jpg", "webp": "/images/varieties/pink-pearl-480.webp", "alt": "Pink Pearl: reference image", "caption": "Reference image, not a Honey Tree tree.", "credit": "Leslie Seaton, 2010, cropped (adapted)", "licence": "CC BY 2.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pink_Pearl_(5207256521).jpg" }, "page": "/living-museum/pink-pearl/" } } }, "edges": [ { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-calville-blanc", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-d-arcy-spice", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-patte-de-loup", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-wyken-pippin", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-golden-harvey", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "H21", "MG21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-nonpareil", "kind": "published_direction", "sources": [ "HVL22", "M20", "L24" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-esopus-spitzenburg", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-esopus-spitzenburg", "child": "ft-king-of-tompkins-county", "kind": "potential", "sources": [ "ORD18", "L24" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-franche", "child": "ft-reinette-de-hollande", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-golden-harvey", "child": "ft-pitmaston-pineapple", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "H21", "MG21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-nonpareil", "child": "ft-sturmer-pippin", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-nonpareil", "child": "ft-scarlet-nonpareil", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-de-hollande", "child": "ft-scarlet-nonpareil", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-de-hollande", "child": "ft-lamb-abbey-pearmain", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-reinette-de-hollande", "child": "ft-blenheim-orange", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H23", "L24" ] }, { "parent": "ft-scarlet-nonpareil", "child": "ft-crow-egg", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-alexander", "child": "ft-crow-egg", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-alexander", "child": "ft-wolf-river", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-esopus-spitzenburg", "child": "ft-jonathan", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-jonathan", "child": "ft-king-david", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-winesap", "child": "ft-king-david", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-jonathan", "child": "ft-wealthy", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-duchess-of-oldenburg", "child": "ft-wealthy", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-wealthy", "child": "ft-fireside", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20", "H21", "H22" ] }, { "parent": "ft-northwest-greening", "child": "ft-fireside", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H22", "MG21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-winesap", "child": "ft-delicious", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "H21", "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-delicious", "child": "ft-spartan", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-mcintosh", "child": "ft-spartan", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-mcintosh", "child": "ft-macoun", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-macoun", "child": "ft-liberty", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-fameuse", "child": "ft-otterson", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-niedzwetzkyana-crab", "child": "ft-otterson", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-grimes-golden", "child": "ft-golden-delicious", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "H21", "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-golden-delicious", "child": "ft-goldrush", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-golden-delicious", "child": "ft-mn-1627", "kind": "inf", "sources": [ "H17", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-duchess-of-oldenburg", "child": "ft-mn-1627", "kind": "inf", "sources": [ "H17", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-mn-1627", "child": "ft-honeycrisp", "kind": "inf", "sources": [ "H17", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-keepsake", "child": "ft-honeycrisp", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H17", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-northern-spy", "child": "ft-keepsake", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H17", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-newtown-pippin", "child": "ft-york-imperial", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-newtown-pippin", "child": "ft-indo", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "M20" ] }, { "parent": "ft-margil", "child": "ft-cox-s-orange-pippin", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H23", "L24", "M20", "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-margil", "child": "ft-ribston-pippin", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H23", "ORD18", "L24" ] }, { "parent": "ft-cox-s-orange-pippin", "child": "ft-malling-kent", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-malling-kent", "child": "ft-red-devil", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-golden-delicious", "child": "ft-jonagold", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "ORD18", "H23", "L24", "CU" ] }, { "parent": "ft-jonathan", "child": "ft-jonagold", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "H23", "L24", "CU" ] }, { "parent": "ft-golden-delicious", "child": "ft-mutsu--crispin", "kind": "dna", "sources": [ "ORD18", "L24", "JARQ" ] }, { "parent": "ft-indo", "child": "ft-mutsu--crispin", "kind": "rec", "sources": [ "JARQ", "L24" ] }, { "parent": "ft-surprise", "child": "ft-pink-pearl", "kind": "rec", "sources": [ "PP723", "GRIN" ] }, { "parent": "ft-blue-pearmain", "child": "ft-black-oxford", "kind": "rel", "sources": [ "MG21" ] }, { "parent": "ft-winesap", "child": "ft-stayman-winesap", "kind": "date", "sources": [ "L24", "BE05" ] } ], "sources": { "M20": { "text": "Muranty H. et al. 2020. Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm. BMC Plant Biology 20:2", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2171-6", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6941274/" }, "H21": { "text": "Howard N.P. et al. 2021. The use of shared haplotype length information for pedigree reconstruction in asexually propagated outbreeding crops, demonstrated for apple and sweet cherry. Horticulture Research 8:202", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00637-5", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408172/" }, "H17": { "text": "Howard N.P. et al. 2017. Elucidation of the ‘Honeycrisp’ pedigree through haplotype analysis with a multi-family integrated SNP linkage map and a large apple (Malus×domestica) pedigree-connected SNP data set. Horticulture Research 4:17003", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2017.3", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5321071/" }, "H22": { "text": "Luby J.J., Howard N.P., Tillman J.R., Bedford D.S. 2022. Extended pedigrees of apple cultivars from the University of Minnesota breeding program elucidated using SNP array markers. HortScience 57(3):472–477", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16354-21" }, "CU": { "text": "Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Jonagold’ apple fact sheet (FLS-150)", "url": "https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b6ccdd8e-d26f-4e18-a742-8a8aab6db2c8/content" }, "JARQ": { "text": "Yoshida Y. 1977. Progress of apple breeding in Japan. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 11(1):56–59", "url": "https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/11-1-056-059_0.pdf" }, "NFC": { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection (Brogdale), variety record: McIntosh", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3874&fruit=apple" }, "PP723": { "text": "Etter A.F. 1947. U.S. Plant Patent 723, Apple tree", "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP723P", "free_full_text": "https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/00/89/4f/038db435818692/USPP723.pdf" }, "GRIN": { "text": "USDA ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), accession PI 588980, Pink Pearl", "url": "https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/accessiondetail?id=1006568" }, "MG21": { "text": "Migicovsky Z. et al. 2021. Genomic consequences of apple improvement. Horticulture Research 8:9", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00441-7", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7775473/" }, "DOWN": { "text": "Downing A.J., Downing C. 1872. The Fruits and Fruit-Trees of America, new edition. New York: J. Wiley & Son (Internet Archive scan)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fruitsfruittre00down/page/n311/mode/1up" }, "BE05P16": { "text": "Beach S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, vol. 1, p. 16. New York Agricultural Experiment Station (Internet Archive scan)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac/page/16/mode/1up" }, "BE05": { "text": "Beach S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, vol. 1. New York Agricultural Experiment Station (Internet Archive scan)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork01beac/page/n545/mode/1up" }, "BE05B": { "text": "Beach S.A. 1905. The Apples of New York, vol. 2. New York Agricultural Experiment Station (Internet Archive scan)", "url": "https://archive.org/details/applesofnewyork02beac" }, "L24": { "text": "Larsen B., Howard N., Denancé C., et al. 2024 (issue 2025). Cultivar fingerprinting and SNP-based pedigree reconstruction in Danish heritage apple cultivars utilizing genotypic data from multiple germplasm collections in the world. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 72:2397–2411", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-024-02104-1" }, "HVL22": { "text": "Howard N.P., van de Weg E., Luby J.J. 2022. A new method to reconstruct the direction of parent-offspring duo relationships using SNP array data and its demonstration on ancient and modern cultivars in the outcrossing species Malus × domestica. Horticulture Research 9:uhab069", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhab069", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8881379/" }, "H23": { "text": "Howard N.P., Micheletti D., Luby J.J., Durel C.-E., Denancé C., Muranty H., Ordidge M., Albach D.C. 2023. Pedigree reconstruction for triploid apple cultivars using single nucleotide polymorphism array data. Plants, People, Planet 5:98–111", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10313", "free_full_text": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/106957/" }, "ORD18": { "text": "Ordidge M. et al. 2018. Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships. PLoS ONE 13(9):e0202405", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405", "free_full_text": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135360/" }, "MUNQ": { "text": "Denancé C., Muranty H., Durel C.-E. 2020. MUNQ – Malus UNiQue genotype code for grouping apple accessions corresponding to a unique genotypic profile. Dataset, Recherche Data Gouv (INRAE)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15454/HKGMAS" }, "JAPS": { "text": "Hampson C.R., Quamme H.A., MacDonald R.A. 1999. ‘Spartan’ Apple. Fruit Varieties Journal 53(4):190–192 (American Pomological Society)", "url": "https://journal.americanpomological.org/index.php/jofaps/article/download/2366/2370/5091" }, "NFCC": { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection (Brogdale), variety record: Cox’s Orange Pippin", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=1330&fruit=apple" }, "NFCK": { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection (Brogdale), variety record: King David", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3223&fruit=apple" }, "NFCP": { "text": "UK National Fruit Collection (Brogdale), variety record: Pitmaston Pineapple", "url": "https://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=4683&fruit=apple" }, "OPW": { "text": "Orange Pippin, variety page: Wealthy (a popular apple-variety website)", "url": "https://www.orangepippin.com/varieties/apples/wealthy" }, "OPS": { "text": "Orange Pippin, variety page: Spartan (a popular apple-variety website)", "url": "https://www.orangepippin.com/varieties/apples/spartan" } }, "credits": [ "Data adapted from Muranty et al. 2020, BMC Plant Biology 20:2, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); changes made.", "Howard et al. 2017 and 2021; Howard, van de Weg & Luby 2022; Howard et al. 2023; Ordidge et al. 2018; Larsen et al. 2024; Migicovsky et al. 2021: CC BY 4.0, with attribution. Facts and short quotations only; no figures reproduced.", "Luby et al. 2022 (HortScience): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Facts cited only; no figures or tables adapted.", "Beach 1905, Hogg 1884 and US Plant Patent 723: public domain. UK National Fruit Collection records: Open Government Licence.", "Yoshida 1977 (JARQ), Hampson, Quamme & MacDonald 1999, Orange Pippin variety pages and Cornell’s Jonagold fact sheet (FLS-150): facts and short quotations only.", "MUNQ genotype catalogue (Denancé, Muranty & Durel 2020, Recherche Data Gouv): Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab)." ], "changelog": [ { "version": "1.0", "date": "2026-10-25", "date_label": "October 25, 2026", "text": "First published edition: 54 varieties, 52 links, each tied to a published study or primary record." } ], "audio_ready": true, "extensions": {} }